“Opportunities and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence Usage in Education: A PRISMA-Based Systematic Review”

Abstract

One fast developing technological instrument with great influence on education is artificial intelligence (AI). Although AI had the 
potential to transform the field of education, teachers responded differently about its application. With little research on these topics, educational institutions sometimes struggle with innovation and integrity in the framework of artificial intelligence adoption. This study was grounded in the technology acceptance theory, particularly the Technology Adoption Model (Davis et al., 1989), which explored the drivers of technology use. The research aimed to address gaps in the literature by identifying the opportunities and challenges associated with AI in education. To achieve this, a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA approach was conducted, analyzing 89 articles. Descriptive analysis was used to examine regional variations and trends in publication frequency over five years, as well as the types of research (theoretical or empirical) conducted across regions. Thematic analysis revealed several opportunities for AI in education, including Personalized and Adaptive Learning, Student Assessment and Feedback, Efficiency in Administrative Tasks, Enhanced Teaching and Learning Processes, Data-Driven Insights, Student Engagement and Motivation, Career Development, Educational Content Enhancement, and Inclusivity. Conversely, challenges identified included Ethical Concerns, Privacy and Security Issues, Human Roles and Educational Relationships, Academic Quality, Bias and Fairness, Technical and Operational Issues, Cognitive and Learning Impacts, and Organizational Challenges. The results showed that, while resolving ethical and technical issues, educational institutions should deliberately incorporate AI strategically, using its advantages to improve student involvement and professional readiness. This study contributed valuable insights into the role of AI in education, with recommendations for future 
research on how AI can be effectively integrated into academic settings.